I’ve used Tigerseal on a whole mass of things, I even put a Landrover front wing on with it. I cannot sing it’s praises high enough. But I don’t 100% remember using it on foam board.
I have only found one thing so far it can’t stick to, and that was the back of a new set of number plates. I’ve used it to stick my plates on every car I’ve owned in the last 15yrs or so and never had a problem before this. The plated seemed to stick, I taped them as there was a slight curve, nothing much at all, I’d also cleaned the backs with panel wipe, but I removed the tape and the next day both the front and back plate were laying in the drive. The Tigersel was stuck to the car, but had left the back of the plate clean.
I’ve used it on plastics, wood, metal, glass, numerous building applications when I needed something better than gripfill or the like, and never once had a problem. Point to this being, try a sample, as there’s obviously somethings it can’t stick too. But in answer to your question, it’d easily hold a 10mm sheet in place even if it were a 10’x5′ on 4"x2" studs 16" apart.
My dad used to buy evostick in 5 gallon drums, we once laminated a 3mm sheet of Foamex onto 1/2" ply with that. The smell was serious, and by the time we’d finished I was fit for nothing, but it had no affect on my dad who was very used to it. I wasn’t sure it would definitely work, as we’d glued both sides, lining it up had no room for error, but it worked perfectly. We’d basically created a new product.