Derek
Are you looking for a temporary graphic or long term permanent solution ?
3M produce exterior "pavement" graphic vinyl which is a two part product made up of base printing film (with extremely aggressive adhesive) and very thick laminate which is non slip in wet weather.
However this product is only designed for non vehicular traffic and only classed as a 3 month outdoor use. It will stick on concrete, paving slabs and asphalt (smooth and free of loose debris)
If you need to drive vehicles over it generally the self adhesive printable products will not be up to it as the weight of wheels turning on the vinyl will literally screw up the vinyl lifting it from the ground.
3M’s Traffic Division also make a product called Stamark which is a White (non printable) product designed to be die cut for road markings such as bike lanes, symbols and text and is for the permanent signage market.
Hope this helps
Stuart